This delay aggravates acid reflux, thus worsening heartburn symptoms
Dentists play a pivotal role in monitoring and addressing the oral repercussions of smoking, offering preventive measures, and devising treatment plans to mitigate the risks
Cigarettes contain thousands of compounds, with 83 classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Greater social pressures against smoking led to greater regulation by government, including bans on smoking in bars and restaurants once thought unthinkable
Quality assessment We evaluated the quality of studies using a modification of the ACROBAT-NRSI [7] tool on 5 domains: study population, exposure measurement, outcome assessment, measurement of confounders, and adequate follow-up