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Whereas most of the included studies were varied in quality from low to high, most studies had small sample size and only two had large sample size, participants were predominantly male, used different comparison groups, done at different settings, most of the studies were done in the USA, and some of the studies did not report the related findings of NRT effect

If your results are inconclusive: This means your test did not produce a conclusive result

Leukocyte number, protein inhibitor, and complement in smokers

Although non-daily smokers report smoking fewer cigarettes and weaker urges to smoke than they used to, which may make it easier for them to stop smoking, they appear to be decreasingly motivated to quit

Researchers also found smokers had higher rates of symptoms of depression and lower rates of social functioning, as compared to non-smokers