Craig: Big money
Its activity profile is best understood as systems-level: published in vitro and in vivo work has documented effects on fibroblast proliferation, collagen and growth-factor receptor expression, endothelial migration, nitric oxide system signalling, and dopamine and serotonin pathway markers
Gene expression analysis in ARPE-19 cells was conducted by amplifying the following genes: SOD2 (protein name: superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial), CAT (protein name: catalase), HMOX1 (protein name: heme oxygenase 1), SNAL1 (protein name: Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1), ZEB1 (protein name: Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1), TWIST1 (protein name: Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1), VIM (protein name: Vimentin), FN1 (protein name: Fibronectin 1), ACTA2 (protein name: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle) and GAPDH (protein name: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)
12 Peptide pharmacology reviewBackground on short peptide bioregulators and their proposed neuroendocrine mechanisms
They release tiny messengers called cytokines that can drive swelling, pain, and extra mucus
