In preclinical models, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-macrophages (CAR-M) targeting the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a cell-surface receptor upregulated in HSCs in cirrhotic human livers, demonstrated efficacy in reducing liver fibrosis (180)
Puumala et al., 2024
Larger injection volumes (12mL) are more forgiving of small measurement errors than tiny volumes (0.30.5mL), where a 0.1mL miscalculation represents a 2033% dose variation
DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
The charged amino acid residues such as tryptophan, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid in DSIP molecules may undergo changes in their charge distribution under the action of electromagnetic fields, thereby affecting the secondary structure (such as alpha helix and beta fold) and tertiary structure (spatial conformation determined by amino acid sequences, involving hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, salt bridges, and other non covalent interactions) of DSIP