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Upon stimulation with IL-1, TNF, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cAMP or other inflammatory factors, the COX-2 expression level can increase by approximately 80-fold, promoting a high rate of PG-endoperoxide and triggering an inflammatory response

10.1038/s41582-024-00940-4 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Kou X., Chen N

In addition, xCT expression can be regulated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/PKB/mTOR) 29,30,31 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in synergy with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress

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